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class="toc-text">四、实验内容</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#五、实验步骤-·"><span class="toc-text">五、实验步骤 ·</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#六、结合你维护计算机的经验，谈谈病毒防治的技术方法手段-至少谈3款软件"><span class="toc-text">六、结合你维护计算机的经验，谈谈病毒防治的技术方法手段( 至少谈3款软件)</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div></div></aside><main class="sidebar-translate" id="content"><div id="post"><article class="post-block" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="http://yoursite.com/2021/05/18/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E4%BA%8C/"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="name" content="李子康"><meta itemprop="description"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Lizikang_Blog"></span><header class="post-header"><h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">信息安全实验二、漏洞扫描与病毒防治</h1><div class="post-meta"><div class="post-time" style="display:inline-block"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-calendar-line"></use></svg></span> <time title="创建时间：2021-05-18 00:00:00" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2021-05-18T00:00:00+08:00">2021-05-18</time><span class="post-meta-divider">-</span><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-calendar-2-line"></use></svg></span> <time title="修改时间：2021-05-24 14:39:49" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2021-05-24T14:39:49+08:00">2021-05-24</time></div><span class="post-busuanzi"><span class="post-meta-divider">-</span><span class="post-meta-item-icon" title="阅读次数"><svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-eye-line"></use></svg> <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span></span><div class="post-classify"><span class="post-category"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-folder-line"></use></svg></span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Thing"><a class="category" href="/categories/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/" style="--text-color:var(--hty-text-color)" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="text">信息安全</span></a></span> > <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Thing"><a class="category" href="/categories/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C/" style="--text-color:var(--hty-text-color)" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="text">实验</span></a></span></span><span class="post-tag"><span class="post-meta-divider">-</span><a class="tag" href="/tags/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/" style="--text-color:var(--hty-text-color)"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-price-tag-3-line"></use></svg></span><span class="tag-name">信息安全</span></a></span></div></div></header><section class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><div class="post-content markdown-body" style="--smc-primary:black;"><h2 id="实验二、漏洞扫描与病毒防治"><a href="#实验二、漏洞扫描与病毒防治" class="headerlink" title="实验二、漏洞扫描与病毒防治"></a>实验二、漏洞扫描与病毒防治</h2><h3 id="一、实验目的"><a href="#一、实验目的" class="headerlink" title="一、实验目的"></a>一、实验目的</h3><ol>
<li><p>掌握漏洞扫描这种信息探测技术的原理。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>学会使用常见的漏洞扫描工具。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>熟悉经典的操作系统漏洞和配置漏洞。 </p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="二、实验环境"><a href="#二、实验环境" class="headerlink" title="二、实验环境"></a>二、实验环境</h3><ol>
<li>网络：局域网环境。</li>
</ol>
<ol start="2">
<li>软件：X-Scan-v3.1。 </li>
</ol>
<h3 id="三、实验原理"><a href="#三、实验原理" class="headerlink" title="三、实验原理"></a>三、实验原理</h3><p>所谓的漏洞，指的是硬件、软件或策略上的缺陷，从而使得攻击者能够在未授权的情况下访问或控制系统。 漏洞扫描，就是自动检测远程或本地主机安全性弱点的过程。它采用积极的、非破坏性的办法来检验系统是否有可能被攻击崩溃。它利用了一系列的脚本模拟对系统进行攻击的行为，然后对结果进行分析。它还针对已知的网络漏洞进行检验。 其工作机制是：在端口扫描的基础上，判断系统正在运行的服务，针对不同的服务，结合漏洞知识，发送不同的定制数据包，分析返回的数据包，确定系统是否存在该漏洞。对于不同的系统、不同的服务，漏洞扫描使用的工具不同。 漏洞扫描可以包含的种类有： · 系统漏洞 ·  特定服务的漏洞  o WEB服务 o 数据库服务 o FTP服务 o Mail服务  · 网络及管理设备漏洞  o 路由器、交换机 o SNMP设备 信息泄漏漏洞  o 用户信息 o 共享信息  · 人为管理漏洞  o 弱口令 o 错误配置  </p>
<p>漏洞扫描的日后发展趋势为： ·</p>
<p> 插件（plugin，或者叫做功能模块）技术  o 每个插件都封装一个或者多个漏洞的测试手段，主扫描程序通过调用插件的方法来 执行扫描。  · </p>
<p>使用专用脚本语言  o 其实就是一种更高级的插件技术，用户可以使用专用脚本语言来扩充软件功能。  ·  </p>
<p>由安全扫描程序到安全评估专家系统  o 扫描系统都能够将对单个主机的扫描结果进行整理，形成报表，并能够对具体漏洞 提出一些解决方法。 </p>
<h3 id="四、实验内容"><a href="#四、实验内容" class="headerlink" title="四、实验内容"></a>四、实验内容</h3><ol>
<li><p>Netbios空会话漏洞扫描。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>IIS和CGI漏洞扫描。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>弱口令漏洞扫描。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>查看漏洞扫描报告。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>分析各种漏洞的补救措施。 </p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="五、实验步骤-·"><a href="#五、实验步骤-·" class="headerlink" title="五、实验步骤 ·"></a>五、实验步骤 ·</h3><p>1、xscan漏洞扫描：</p>
<p>运行实验工具目录下的xscan-gui.exe。 ·</p>
<p>选择”设置”菜单项中的”扫描参数”。  ·  </p>
<p>在”基本设置”选项卡中输入目标服务器的IP地址（如192.168.33.111），也就是我们的漏洞扫描对象。</p>
<p>在”高级设置”选项卡的―其他设置‖中，选择”无条件扫描”。这是为了防止漏过无法ping通的目标主机。</p>
<p>点击”确定”按钮，结束扫描参数的设置，回到XScan主界面。 ·</p>
<p>选择”设置”菜单项中的”扫描模块”。  ·  </p>
<p>在”扫描模块”的左边列表中仅选中”Netbios信息”。点击”确定”按钮结束”扫描模块”的设置，回到XScan主界面。</p>
<p>第一次扫描完毕之后，查看自动打开的扫描报告（也可通过―查看‖ 菜单项中的―检测报告‖ 来查看扫描报告）。请将扫描的结果写入实验报告。</p>
<p>  ·  </p>
<p>再次进入”扫描模块”设置界面，选中”NT-Server弱口令”、”FTP弱口令”、”Anonymous Pub”、”POP3弱口令”、”SMTP弱口令”、”SQL-Server弱口令”。点击”确定”按钮回到XScan主界面。</p>
<p>点击运行按钮，或者选择”文件”菜单项中的”开始扫描”进行弱口令漏洞扫描。  · </p>
<p>第二次扫描完毕之后，查看自动打开的扫描报告。请将扫描的结果写入实验报告。 ·  </p>
<p>再次进入”扫描模块”设置界面，选中”IIS编码/解码漏洞”、”CGI漏洞”。点击”确定”按钮回到XScan主界面。</p>
<p>点击运行按钮，或者选择”文件”菜单项中的”开始扫描”进行IIS/CGI漏洞扫描。  · </p>
<p>第三次扫描完毕之后，查看自动打开的扫描报告。请将扫描的结果写入实验报告。 ·  </p>
<p>再次进入”扫描模块”设置界面，点击”全选”按钮选择所有的扫描模块。点击”确定”按钮回到XScan主界面。  · </p>
<p>点击运行按钮，或者选择”文件”菜单项中的”开始扫描”进行全面漏洞扫描。  · </p>
<p>第四次扫描完毕之后，查看自动打开的扫描报告。请将扫描的结果写入实验报告。 ·  </p>
<p>理解各种漏洞的形成原因，并分析相应的弥补、防御措施。</p>
<p><strong>1.第一次扫描完毕之后，查看自动打开的扫描报告（也可通过―查看‖ 菜单项中的―检测报告‖ 来查看扫描报告）。请将扫描的结果写入实验报告。</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps1-1621588506078.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps2-1621588506100.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps3-1621588506101.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p><strong>2.第二次扫描完毕之后，查看自动打开的扫描报告。请将扫描的结果写入实验报告。</strong> </p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps4-1621588506101.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps5-1621588506079.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p><strong>3.第三次扫描完毕之后，查看自动打开的扫描报告。请将扫描的结果写入实验报告。 ·</strong>  </p>
<hr>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps6-1621588506079.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps7-1621588506079.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p><strong>4.第四次扫描完毕之后，查看自动打开的扫描报告。请将扫描的结果写入实验报告</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps8-1621588506079.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps9-1621588506079.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p>漏洞扫描还有没有其他的方法？</p>
<h3 id="六、结合你维护计算机的经验，谈谈病毒防治的技术方法手段-至少谈3款软件"><a href="#六、结合你维护计算机的经验，谈谈病毒防治的技术方法手段-至少谈3款软件" class="headerlink" title="六、结合你维护计算机的经验，谈谈病毒防治的技术方法手段( 至少谈3款软件)"></a>六、结合你维护计算机的经验，谈谈病毒防治的技术方法手段( 至少谈3款软件)</h3><p><strong>（1）软件1：火绒</strong></p>
<p>操作方法：火绒</p>
<p>特色功能：</p>
<p>简洁</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps10-1621588506079.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p><strong>（2）软件2：腾讯安全管家</strong></p>
<p>操作方法： 腾讯安全管家</p>
<p>特色功能：</p>
<p>广告较多</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps11-1621588506079.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<hr>
<p><strong>（3）软件3：360</strong></p>
<p>操作方法：360</p>
<p>特色功能：</p>
<p><strong>毒</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps12-1621588506080.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/li_zikang/lzk-image/raw/master/img/wps13-1621588506080.jpg" alt="img" loading="lazy"> </p>
<p>七、实验小结（100字左右）</p>
<p><strong><em>\</em>漏洞扫描与病毒防治**</strong></p>
<p>在本次实验中学会了用工具来漏洞扫描和病毒防治，在漏洞扫描中体会到漏洞的多样性，体会到在系统和软件的开发要多注意，平时使用未知的软件和程序也会更加注意，在病毒防范实验中我体会到一个好的杀毒软件的宝贵，好的杀毒软件：火绒简洁，好用，而不好的：360不仅没起到杀毒的作用，反而给我下载了很多绑定软件，它就是“毒”</p>
<p>在本次实验中受益匪浅，对网络安全有了更加深刻的了解，期待下一次的实验。</p>
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